Common & Severe Complications of Bronchoscopy

Submitted by Nic on March 13, 2013

A bronchoscopy can be described as a technique that is used for both diagnostic and treatment purposes. During this procedure, a doctor inserts an instrument known as a bronchoscope into your airways through your nose, mouth or tracheostomy. This allows the examiner to check for signs of inflammation, bleeding, tumors, foreign bodies and other similar problems.

Some of the conditions that can be identified with the help of this procedure include -

  • Unexplained and persistent cough
  • Presence of blood in the sputum
  • Possible lung infections, inflammation or mass

The medical conditions that can be treated with the help of a bronchoscopy include -

  • Blockage in the airways caused by the presence of a foreign body or a growth
  • Collapsed airways caused by a tumor, mass or pressure

The instruments used during the procedure can be of two types. These include the rigid bronchoscope and the flexible fiber-optic bronchoscope. Most doctors prefer the second type of instrument, because it is much easier to use. While a flexible fiber-optic bronchoscopy can be conducted without any anesthesia, doctors opt for a partial sedation. On the other hand, rigid bronchoscopy requires general anesthesia and a good anesthesiologist.

A bronchoscopy is a fairly well-tolerated procedure, which is considered safe even for kids and infants. However, some of the possible complications of bronchoscopy in children may include -

  • Low grade fever (below 101 Degrees F)
  • Nosebleeds
  • Collapsed lung
  • Respiratory problems
  • Tooth damage (in case of rigid bronchoscopy)

In case you are scheduled to undergo this procedure, it is highly recommended that you speak to your doctor about the possible complications of bronchoscopy. Fortunately, the complications associated with this technique are rare and relatively minor. Some of the more common complications of a bronchoscopy include -

  • Epistaxis
  • Negative reaction to the general anesthesia
  • Injury to the vocal cords
  • Swelling and soreness in the throat
  • Infections
  • Breathing problems because of swelling in the mucus membranes

These are minor complications that usually get resolved on their own. However, in a few cases, patients may experience more severe complications of a bronchoscopy, which include -

  • Heavy, persistent bleeding
  • Irregular heartbeat rate
  • A dearth of oxygen to the tissues
  • Laryngospasm
  • Breathing problems
  • Pneumothorax or a punctured lung

Under normal circumstances, you will be allowed to go home in about 3 to 4 hours after the bronchoscopy is over. However, in case you experience any of the severe complications mentioned above, your doctor may hospitalize you overnight, for close observation.

References

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