Fluorescence in situ hybridization is a technique that is commonly abbreviated as FISH. It is a testing technique to identify particular DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) sequences in cells, tissues and even in tumors. It is a highly complicated laboratory procedure that involves using a tissue sample. The DNA material in this sample is isolated and studied using a probe that is dyed with a fluorescent agent. This probe is introduced into the sample in such a way that it undergoes a process known as hybridization with the target chromosome thus producing a hybridized sample.
Why is a Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Technique Used?
The fluorescence in situ hybridization technique may be used for studies into various types of cancer, particularly of leukemia. This type of analysis is known as cytogenetic analysis by fluorescent in situ hybridization. This test is used to diagnose various types of leukemia. It may also be used to diagnose which exact type of leukemia is present in the sample. Myeloblastic leukemia is an example of a type of leukemia. The primary characteristic of this sort of technique is its ability to identify different types of leukemia even though they may appear to be visually similar under microscopic examination. This is because each different type of leukemia has a different type of genetic abnormality making it easy to identify the type.
The fluorescence in situ hybridization essentially uses a clone of a particular gene that is being studied and this gene is colored with a fluorescent dye. It is allowed to be placed on a slide along with the sample being studied. The mixture is then incubated in order to allow the process of hybridization to occur. A tool known as a fluorescence microscope is used to then view the slide and identify the matching DNA patterns. The fluorescence microscope technique uses a material known as a fluorophore which is what gives the fluorescent color to the sample. The microscope then passes a light of a particularly frequency which will cause the fluorophore to absorb it and pass it at a different wavelength. This makes the fluorescent part visible when viewed through the microscope.
The fluorescence in situ hybridization technique could therefore be used for absolutely accurate mapping of genes. Besides they can also be used to detect any changes that have occurred in the target chromosomes which may be clinically significant in identifying particular deformities. These deformities include those that are a result of the cancer that has affected the sample cells.
Submitted by N S on May 27, 2010 at 07:01