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What is Cervical Cytology?
(May 13, 2010)
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Cervical cytology is the study of the cells found in a woman’s cervix. The cervix is the entrance to the uterus, at the top of the vagina. The test is carried out to screen for cervical dysplasia or abnormal cell changes that could lead to cervical cancer. A cervical cytology test is also known as a Pap test. Women who are sexually active and over 21 years of age should have Pap smear tests every year for the rest of their lives. If you are over 70 years and have had three normal tests within the last three years, you do not need to continue having tests. However, if you are 70 and have never had a test, you will need to have one. Your doctor will recommend the frequency of the test depending on your personal health history and test results. Women who are in their reproductive years are urged to do this as well. Routine Pap tests are a must if you have already been treated for cancer or cervical abnormalities or if you have had a partial hysterectomy.
The Pap test will be done during a routine pelvic exam. A speculum will be inserted into the vagina to open its walls and to enable the doctor to see the cervix better. A small flat wooden tool or a small brush or a cotton swab will be used to scrape cells from the cervix. These cells are then placed in a liquid medium and sent to a laboratory for testing. A positive cervical cytology report shows the presence of cancer or abnormal cells. An abnormal result does not mean that you have cervical cancer. Other high risk factors that can cause abnormal reports are:
Sex with more than one partner
Being sexually active and not using protection
Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection
Smoking and tobacco use
History of sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhea and herpes
A family history of cervical cancer
Hormonal changes in post menopausal women
Do remember that Pap tests are not a 100% accurate and this is also why they should be repeated yearly. An abnormal Pap smear result may be normal after the next test. In order to achieve greater accuracy and ensure that a good sample is collected, you would need to take care of the following:
- do not use vaginal douches/ contraceptive creams or jelly 48 hours before the test
- do not have intercourse 24 hours before the test
- do not have the test during your period, mid cycle is best
Regular pap tests ensure early diagnosis and treatment for cancer that would otherwise go undetected.
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Submitted by M T on May 13, 2010 at 08:25
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