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Pericardiocentesis |
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Pericardiocentesis - Pericardial Tap, Pericardiocentesis Procedure, Preparation, Reasons
Pericardial Tap
Pericardiocentesis is also referred to as a pericardial tap. It is an invasive technique that involves the removal of fluid from the pericardium or the sac that surrounds the heart using a catheter and needle. The accumulation of fluid in this area is known as pericardial effusion. The withdrawn fluid is sent to a laboratory for analysis to determine infection. In some cases, a pericardiocentesis procedure may be performed as an emergency method of treating a condition known as cardiac tamponade in which a rapid accumulation of fluid occurs around the heart. This fluid exerts pressure on the muscle of the heart and weakens its ability to pump blood.
Pericardiocentesis Reasons
The pericardiocentesis technique is done in order to analyze the cause of fluid buildup around the heart. The causes could include cancer or infection. This procedure is also done to alleviate symptoms arising from fluid accumulation around the heart, such as shortness of breath.
Pericardiocentesis Preparation
The doctor will advise the individual on what can and cannot be eaten or drunk prior to the procedure. He will also advise on the kind of medications that can be taken on the day of the procedure. Individuals with diabetes must consult the doctor regarding the adjustment of their medication on the day of the pericardiocentesis. The doctor must also be informed regarding any allergies. It is recommended that all results of previous tests be shown to the doctor.
Pericardiocentesis Procedure
A pericardiocentesis usually lasts for around 20 – 60 minutes. The individual is first asked to change into a hospital gown and told to lie down on a special table. A mild sedative is administered to relax the individual. An IV may be inserted into a vein in the arm or hand if special medication or fluids are required. Using a local anesthetic, the doctor numbs a specific area on the individual’s chest and a needle and catheter is then inserted into the pericardial sac which surrounds the heart. The fluid that has accumulated around the heart is then drained and the catheter is removed.
Following a pericardiocentesis, the individual needs to be monitored for a certain period of time. If the drainage of fluid has not taken place properly, other invasive procedures may be required such as pericardiotomy or pericardiectomy. In rare cases, pericardiocentesis complications may pose the risk of causing a heart attack, cardiac arrest, heart puncture or irregular heart rhythm
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Submitted on
March 3, 2010 |
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